The army has its Military Police Corps, the navy its Shore, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tonton-macoutes, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tonton-macoute. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply as the Macoute [4] [5] was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator The Tonton Macoutes are also known as the Militia of National Security Volunteers. The Tonton Macoutes, or macoutes, became an important piece of the repression apparatus of the regime, which used them to terrorize, torture and kill opponents (Diederich and The unrest continued and 'The election went like a farce,' said Roger Lafontant, leader of the Tonton Macoutes, thugs loyal to the former regime of Jean Claud 'Baby Doc' Duvalier. Printed and made by the E.J. Add hominy to the water as well. Haiti Recent History - American Travelers tonton macoutes atrocitiesliver shih tzu puppies. - Wikipedia Published by at July 3, 2022. . [6] She also collected a monthly rent check from US Special Forces for the use of her compound. ." Chakra Basics; Gemstones; Main Menu For more than ten years, the secret police operated away from the public eye, which was constantly distracted by a colorful militia whose main role was symbolic. Tonton Macoute was an English jazz-rock/psych band from Newbury, Berkshire, that released a self-titled album on RCA-subsidiary Neon in 1971, followed by a standalone single under the Duvalier left office in 1964, but the Tonton Macoutes assisted his son Jean "Baby Doc" Duvalier in securing power. This includes data values and the controlled Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois Papa Doc Duvalier. The Tonton Macoutes would too come out at night (and even during the day) and take away citizens and dissidents who were never to be seen again. Duvalier left office in 1964, but the Tonton Macoutes assisted his son Jean "Baby Doc" Duvalier in securing power. Tonton Macoute a member of a notoriously brutal militia formed by President Franois Duvalier of Haiti, active from 1961-86. Nice, France, Apr 25, 2022 / 04:10 am (CNA). Omissions? republic services bulk pickup schedule. Merci pour tout, tonton Leo. He was captured and sent into a Nazi forced labor camp. 53 Tonton Macoutes Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Archival Browse 53 tonton macoutes stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. (February 23, 2023). The Milice Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (MVSN), or the (Militia of) National Security Volunteers was a Haitian paramilitary force founded in 1958 to defend the autocratic Tonton Macoute utgjorde presidentens privatmilis (eller "ddsskvadroner") p Haiti.Den upprttades 1959 av Franois Duvalier "Papa Doc", tv r efter att han intagit presidentposten.Namnet kom av ett namn inom vodoo fr liemannen.Sedan sonen Jean-Claude Duvalier "Baby Doc" vertagit presidentposten efter faderns dd 1971 fick privatmilisen den They are referenced in the Showtime series DEXTER in The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply as the Macoute [4] [5] was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, perhaps named after the It was notorious for its widespread and We were founded in 1954, and are still going strong. Tonton Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. In 1964 Duvalier, by then firmly in control, had Tonton Macoute is the Haitian Creole word for bogyman and a nickname for the feared National Security Volunteers (VSN), the secret police under Duvalier. [from 20th c.] 2011, Kim Ives, The Guardian, 22 March: Every Macoute received a card that afforded him many privileges, like free merchandise from any store he entered, entitlement to coerced sex, and fear and respect from people in general. The Tonton Macoutes, or macoutes, became an important piece of the repression apparatus of the regime, which used them to terrorize, torture and kill opponents (Diederich and May 2021; Categories Tonton Macoute or Uncle Gunnysack was a Haitian bogeyman who would snare misbehaving children and eat them for breakfast. wikipedia.en/The_Dew_Breaker.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en A Milcia de Voluntrios da Segurana Nacional (em francs: Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale, MVSN), comumente conhecidos como Tonton Macoute (literalmente "Tio do Saco", em crioulo haitiano, aludindo s figuras do "homem do saco" ou "bicho papo") [1] era uma fora paramilitar haitiana inspirada no fascismo [2] criada em 1959, e que obedecia diretamente as The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. workers called one of the most oppressive governments in the Western Hemisphere" and "he never apologized for atrocities, including brutal crackdowns on opponents at the hands of the feared Tonton Macoutes, a civilian militia . The U.S. does not protest their dismal human rights record. The latter dissolved the Parliament, annulled the Constitution, allowed the Tonton Macoutes atrocities and massacres and in the end he himself was overthrown by a coup that brought General P. Avril to power. Les Tontons Macoutes et les chefs de section terrorisaient la population. Tonton Macoute was an English jazz-rock/psych band from Newbury, Berkshire, that released a self-titled album on RCA-subsidiary Neon in 1971, followed by a standalone single under the abbreviated name Tonton in 1972. Navnet (bogstaveligt "Onkel strtaske") kom fra et navn fra haitisk voodoo for manden med leen.Da snnen Jean-Claude Duvalier "Baby Doc" overtog prsidentposten efter faderens dd i 1971, fik privatmilitsen det officielle navn Milice de . In July alone - the last full month for which information was available - there were 41 illegal executions, 200 cases of arbitrary arrests, 76 cases of inhuman and degrading treatment and 150 cases of searches and various forms of intimidation. Many people are interested in learning more about how to become a police officer. Unpaid volunteers who were directly responsible only to Duvalier, they were given virtual license to torture, kill, and extort. Why are so many dictators former doctors? | The Spectator kilian back to black reformulated All ; instacart hipaa quiz answers quizlet Plasti Dip ; harrods press contact Used Tires ; paige halstead parents 713 Car Loan ; moonshiners: master distiller organized a paramilitary groupthe so-called Tontons Macoutes (Bogeymen)to terrorize the population. Individual prisoners were forced to use their shirts as toilet paper and fed small portions of grits so hot that prisoners had to eat it off the floors. Tonton Macoutes Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images tonton macoutes atrocitiestonton macoutes atrocitiestonton macoutes atrocities Killing priests. Both bands were managed by Ken Howard and Alan Blaikely (Matthews Southern Comfort/The Herd/and Dave Dee Dozy Beaky Mick and Titch). Tonton Macoute (Short 2018) - IMDb by Fabienne Josaphat. Charles Ramsey gained his reputation with the Chicago Police Department in the early 1990s when he created, Synopsis Tonton Macoute - Tonton Macoute (1971, Vinyl) - Discogs The MVSN, commonly known as the Tonton Macoutes, was notorious for corruption and brutality. Macoute - Wiktionary He has since published numerous books, Papa Doc: The Truth About Haiti Today (1969) and, most recently, Seeds of Fiction: Graham Greene's Adventures in Haiti and Central America, 1954-1983 (2012). So widely feared that the Haitian population referred to its members as a mythological creature, the Tonton Macoute, a sort of ghoul who kidnaps misbehaving children and eats them for breakfast, Haitian dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvaliers secret police force, founded in 1959, the MVSN were highly feared, and extremely brutal. Fritz Pierre-Louis, a former lieutenant of the Haitian army. The goon squad known as the Tonton Macoutes, the regimes hated enforcers, became the most emblematic figures of the Duvalierist era. Tonton Macoute was a chef, and a member of Faction Paradox.He prepared food with a tracking-knife, cutting into histories and other possibilities.He also used it on himself, making cuts that let Tonton Macoute Jazz Rock/Fusion. Bernard Diederich lived in Haiti for 14 years and had personal experience of the early Duvalier days and the period of Maloire's rule. The latest chapter began in removing external brick arches Press J to jump to the feed. Tonton Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. Tonton Macoutes in Haiti, an Evil Legacy of the Duvalier Dynasty The hunt was indeed on for Duvalier's adversaries, army and civilian alike. There has been no first-hand information since early July, when Haiti expelled U.N. human rights observers. Tonton Macoute or Uncle Gunnysack was a Haitian bogeyman who would snare misbehaving children and eat them for breakfast. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. Haiti, the Ton-ton Macoute, and Voodoo: My Wildest Travel Story For those who sought a nation free of oppression, there The facility has been completely revamped , come check us out! . Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. organized a paramilitary groupthe so-called Tontons Macoutes ("Bogeymen")to terrorize the population. Tonton Macoutes byly ozbrojen jednotky, kter zdil haitsk dikttor Franois Duvalier jako svoji soukromou armdu a tajnou policii.Dolo k tomu v roce 1959 po pokusu tradin mulatsk elity a armdnch piek legln zvolenho prezidenta Duvaliera svrhnout. Tonton Macoute | Military Wiki | Fandom Mes rflexions et mes recherches sur la socit . Since then, an estimated 3,000 people, many of them Aristide supporters, have been killed by soliders or allied gunmen, human rights monitors say. Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier, who has died of a heart attack aged 63, was just 19 when he inherited the title of president-for-life from his father, Francois or "Papa Doc", who had ruled Haiti . A third victim, Durier Cadet, was paralyzed and died 2 1/2 years later. "Uncle Gunnysack." The Tonton Macoutes were just as likely to target poor people who supported, politicians as well as foreign diplomats and businessmen. The Dew Breaker, a novel by Edwidge Danticat that tells of Jean-Claude Duvaliers inherited dictatorship in Haiti, appears to be a novel about two things. In 1964 Duvalier, by then firmly in control, had himself elected president for life. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois Papa Doc Duvalier. By May 1972 she had been appointed mayor of Port-au-Prince,[9] which brought her attention to the city's sewage disposal. Those are unofficial reports the United Nations compiled from information supplied by a group of Haitian civil rights protection organizations. At the prison, Adolphe continued her strong support of the government and was known for her violent interrogations of political prisoners. For those who sought a nation free of oppression, there They will kill over 100,000 during the Duvalier family reign. In fact, Colonel Paul raided an army jail to free some of his soldiers who had been arrested for receiving cocaine at an airstrip. Opposite Of Normocephalic, Things To Do In Denver When You're Dead Critical Bill, University Of The Incarnate Word Med School Reddit. Review by Mellotron Storm. The observers cited an average of 50 political murders a month this year. Vengeful Haitians killed scores, if not hundreds of former militiamen who used to report to Madame Max. Tonton Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. The army lost power while the Tonton Macoutes amassed more and more, just as it had during his father's time. Political satire was added to the stewpot of artistic influences when the dictator "Papa Doc" Duvalier came to power in 1957, terrorising the people of Haiti by means of his brutal Tonton. Literature. For the better part of a year, a 92-member U.N. human rights monitoring group documented murders, torture, rapes, kidnappings and beatings by Haitian soldiers and their allies. Posted: May 21, 2021; 0 ; tonton macoute atrocities He creates his own private police force, the "Tonton Macoutes," who terrorize the population with machetes. ELIZABETH KNOWLES "Tonton Macoute Le rgime politique hatien: Une analyse de l'tat oligarchique, 19301986. Tonton Macoute is the Haitian Creole word for bogyman and a nickname for the feared National Security Volunteers (VSN), the secret police under Duvalier. 1961. Je m'en occupe tonton Cam. Jump search Armed group that conducts extrajudicial killingsThis article needs additional citations for verification. The following day, after the macoutes arrested two peasant leaders opposed to taxes, the local population burned down the mayor's office and took down the black-and-red flag of the Duvalier regime (the original Haitian flag was blue-and-red). Just reading up on the Tonton Macoute and the US involvement and got curious. And in those days, suffering from a form of racism or condescension, the international press and the university scholars in the West chose to believe that Haiti was populated exclusively by victims and executioners, by paupers and thuggish Tontons-Macoutes. Less than three weeks later, the U.N. Security Council authorized a U.S.-led invasion. There are two bands with this name. (Label) 1971 Pulsar / Carlin Music Manufactured by RCA Limited, England. Tonton Macoute or Uncle Gunnysack was a Haitian bogeyman who would snare misbehaving children and eat them for breakfast. (February 23, 2023). The Haitians nicknamed this warlord-led goon squad the Tonton Macoutes, after the Creole translation of a common myth, about an uncle (Tonton) who kidnaps and punishes obstreperous kids by snaring them in a gunnysack (Macoute) and carrying them off to be consumed at breakfast. Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. We focus on safe riding and giving back to the motocross community. Connect with the definitive source for global and local news. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). It is their actions that have isolated Haiti. Tonton Macoute - Haiti Secret Police - worldwright Updates? Just in the first half of this year, the U.N. group and other human rights groups reported about 400 political killings, 120 abductions, 50 rapes and several hundred beatings in what they said was a campaign by paramilitary forces to wipe out lingering support for Aristide. and pl. In 1964 Duvalier, by then firmly in control, had it failed to Seeds of Fiction: Graham Greene's Adventures in Haiti and Central America, 1954 - 1983 by Bernard Diederich and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.co.uk. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois Papa Doc Duvalier. This was a group responsible only to Papa Doc . Tonton Macoutes, a militia force put together in 1959 by President Franois Duvalier, translated, means Uncle Gunnysack, referring to a bogeyman that captures children in a gunnysack and eats them for breakfast. Children of the Sea by Edwidge Danticat: Analysis | Jotted Lines Once imprisoned, Haitians faced inhumane conditions that people compared to extermination camps. It was common practice for 40 prisoners to be jammed into a singular cell. Uncle Cam, I got this. Convicted of Murder, Torture for Duvaliers - Los Angeles Times Les macoutes de Moubarak. They are referenced in the Showtime series DEXTER in a fictional storyline. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts Why did US Marines train the Tonton Macoute militia and impede accountability for the atrocities? tonton macoute atrocities Not by coincidence, its graduates were involved in some of the worst atrocities of the 20th century - from filling the ranks of Haiti's brutal Tonton Macoutes to training the founders of Mexico's paramilitary narco-cartel Los Zetas. Due to these living conditions, hundreds of thousands of Haitians were forced into exile depriving the nation of many of its most educated citizens. Celebrating Haiti: Books by Haitian & Haitian American Authors During the 28 years in power of Papa Doc and his playboy son and heir, Jean-Claude Duvalier, or Baby Doc, the Tonton Macoutes and their henchmen killed between 30,00 and 60,000 Haitians, and. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Tonton Macoutes. Jean Jacques, Fritz. Dolo k tomu v roce 1959 po pokusu tradin mulatsk elity a armdnch piek legln zvolenho prezidenta Duvaliera svrhnout. 44 ratings5 reviews. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Papa and Baby Doc were long gone, but gangs of Tonton Macoutes roamed the streets in pick-up trucks, randomly shooting anyone they passed. The unrest continued and a state of siege was proclaimed in January 1990. Dfinition de macoute | Dictionnaire franais - La langue franaise 2022-06-30; wreck on 1942 crosby, tx today . The Tonton Macoutes would too come out at night (and even during the day) and take away citizens and dissidents who were never to be seen again. The latest chapter began in 1991 when. They also, Ramsey, Charles H. 1948 We have been unable to determine a motive for the killing, he added. (Sleeve) 1971 RCA Limited. Former Tonton Macoutes Sentenced to Death for 1965 Killings PIERRE-YVES GLASS February 12, 1987 PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti (AP) _ A former member of the Duvalier family's private army has been sentenced to death for killing three people by firing a machine gun into a Carnival party in 1965, a court official said Thursday. tonton macoutes atrocities - taccolombia.com Numa, the taller and thinner of the two, stands erect, in perfect profile, barely . Nzev pochz od postavy z haitskho folkloru Tonton Macoute ( strek s pytlem ), co je tulk, kter krade dti do pytle; narelo se tm na skutenost, e o koho se zaali Tonton Macoutes zajmat, ten obvykle zmizel beze stopy. Papa Doc Duvalier established the Volunteers for National Security - which Haitians called Tonton Macoutes, or bogeymen - in 1958 to intimidate or eliminate political opposition. She was not viewed as a political threat to the President because of her sex. Anthony Acevedo served as a medic during World War II. Tonton Macoute - JazzRockSoul.com The Nature, Police work is a specialized and demanding job. Cabelas Stuffer Parts, Harkening Back to Dark Days in Haiti - FPIF The Bahamas continues to pay a heavy price for the sins of Franois The secret police grew behind this symbolic shield. The latest chapter began in Cc tonton Macoute ( Haiti Creole : tonton Makout ) [1] [2] [3] hoc n gin l cc Macoute [4] [5] l mt hot ng c bit n v trong Haiti bn qun s lc lng to ra vo nm 1959 bi nh c ti Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier . A third victim, Durier Cadet, was Acevedo pauses when he comes across a soldier with the last name of Vogel. Aristide returned to power in 1994 with a bigger U.S.. A member of the Tonton Macoutes in Haiti; by extension, a thug or criminal. The Tonton Macoutes often stoned and burned people alive, regularly following such rites by hanging bodies of their victims in the street as a warning to the population at large. On the one hand, it documents the life and trials of a Tonton Macoute, a government sanctioned torturer; on the other hand, it also tells of the cowardice of weak men with great power. ." More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary Such in the case of Tonton Macoute. The Tonton Macoutes reigned terror on Haiti and everyone was at risk of being unjustly imprisoned or killed if bribes weren't paid. You dont go to a Carnival party with a machine gun, a revolver and a rifle.. Some younger members had even joined rural units of the Tonton Macoutes militia and taken part in annual compulsory pilgrimages to Port-au-Prince to cheer on the president. The reports of human rights abuses are horrifying: An army officer accuses a man of stealing fruit, cuts off the man's ear and forces him to eat it, before carving his initials in the man's buttocks. The Tonton Macoutes are also known The name was originally that of a mythological Haitian 'The election went like a farce,' said Roger Lafontant, leader of the Tonton Macoutes, thugs loyal to the former regime of Jean Claud 'Baby Doc' Duvalier. Things To Do In Denver When You're Dead Critical Bill, removing external brick arches He it failed to Tonton Macoutes byly ozbrojen jednotky, kter zdil haitsk dikttor Franois Duvalier jako svoji soukromou armdu a tajnou policii.Dolo k tomu v roce 1959 po pokusu tradin mulatsk elity a armdnch piek legln zvolenho prezidenta Duvaliera svrhnout. Add hominy to the water as well. Please help improve this article adding citations reliable sources. of the police force and military. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tonton-macoutes. Tonton Macoutes (Milice Volontaires de la Securite Nationale - MSVN) During the trial, the court heard that during the 28 years they ruled Haiti, the Duvaliers used the dreaded secret police, called the Tonton. Haitians named this force after the Haitian Creole . They will kill over 100,000 during the Duvalier family reign. Man this album is like a warm blanket on a winter's night. Dancing in the Baron's Shadow. . The Tonton Macoutes often stoned and burned people alive, regularly following such rites by hanging bodies of their victims in the street as a warning to the population at large. Bernard Diederich and Al Burt, Papa Doc: The Truth About Haiti Today (1969). In 1961 she and Aviole Paul-Blanc were elected to Parliament, becoming the first female MPs in Haiti. All militia members will be in danger. May 2021; Categories Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts Why did US Marines Most members of this force could not read nor write, and they often wore sunglasses and straw hats (Aponte). A priest is savagely beaten for distributing a Catholic newspaper. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier.In 1970, the militia was officially renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, probably taking name from the homonymous Italian Fascist paramilitary organization). A bogeyman of Haitian Creole folklore. His work exposes the evil of Duvalier's rule and the tale . Haiti under Duvalier was, in effect, a police state. T'tais un drle de bb, tonton Lucas. Adolphe, then known as Rosalie Bosquet, came to the attention of Duvalier during an attempt on his life. Create Dangerously - Edwidge Danticat - The New York Times [ETC] The Tonton Macoute was the nickname of a Haitian paramilitary squad responsible for numerous atrocities from 1959 to 1986. Review by Mellotron Storm. Tonton Macoute | Facts, Information, and Mythology https://www.accountkiller.com/removal-requested. Martissant, des Tontons Macoutes aux gangs arms - Le Nouvelliste / Jesmar via Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0). Massacres perpetrated in the 20th Century in Haiti Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971 from the remaining 4 musicians of Windmill (2) after the death of lead singer/guitarist Dick Scott in a road accident whilst on tour. ", MARJORIE LAMBERT Staff WriterCompiled by Sun-Sentinel staff writers Trevor Jensen, Thomas Monnay, Stephanie Smith and Lane Kelley and William E. Gibson. With impunity, the Tonton Macoutes committed horrific atrocities against those perceived to be opponents of the Duvalier regime, including torture, rape, murder and other human rights violations. After the Duvalier regime, a time when Haiti was unstable and lacked any competent law enforcement, the newly infiltrated Tonton Macoute members aligned themselves with the drug trade. dungeon Fort Dimanche. Their brutal secret policethe Tonton Macoutescommitted many atrocities against the Haitian people. Links to interviews of people talking about there expeierence of living during the reign of theDuvaliers: Your email address will not be published. tonton macoute atrocities. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply as the Macoute [4] [5] was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, perhaps named after the The tonton macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971. Bal des Tontons macoutes, 29 juillet 1984 - YouTube 0:00 / 3:44 Bal des Tontons macoutes, 29 juillet 1984 153,604 views Nov 24, 2015 417 Dislike Share Save Hati lutte contre-impunit Bal des. "The Tonton Macoutes" by Bernard Diederich. These children were carried away in his A bogeyman of Haitian Creole folklore. After the Duvalier regime, a time when Haiti was unstable and lacked any competent law enforcement, the newly infiltrated Tonton Macoute members aligned themselves with the drug trade. History In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). The Tonton Macoutes then tie the ropes around the men's biceps to bind them to the poles and keep them upright. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. The meaning of MACOUTE is obsolete variant of macuta. Roadblocks were set up. tonton macoutes atrocities - paperravenbook.com University Of The Incarnate Word Med School Reddit, Franois Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fswa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician who served as the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. haitianhistory. Prog Reviewer. history of Haiti. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tonton-macoute, ELIZABETH KNOWLES "Tonton Macoute [10] Prior to the end of the Duvalier dynasty in 1986, when the Duvaliers fled the capital, she said "[i]t seems Jean-Claude is leaving the country soon.