C. 60 A mixture of sperm and fluids is called _____. B. internal blood loss. A. begin immediate rescue breathing. Question Type: General Knowledge 67. B. weak distal pulses. D. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. A. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma on the back of his head. Compensatory mechanisms that improve stroke volume include increased venous smooth muscle tone (improves preload by shunting blood to the Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: 5. C. stimulate the vagus nerve. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. Answer: C You should: playing with a small toy. D. retracting the intercostal muscles. Thousands of new, high-quality pictures added every day. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. D. assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and 3 months and 4 years. D. head bobbing. Question Type: General Knowledge A. Answer: B D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. A. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: B. fear or anxiety. B. moderate dehydration. A. Syncope, pronounced "SIN-ko-pea," is the medical term for fainting. 72. B. their bones are more brittle than an adult's. After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: A. cyanosis. B. use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. C. Why did your child ingest the poison? When you arrive at the scene, the child is C. your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen. Answer: D C. skin condition C. ear pain. C. nasal flaring. C. 25 g c. Based on alcohol's effect on the nervous system, explain why drinking and driving is extremely dangerous. You should suspect: B. burns to the hands or feet that involve a glove distribution You should: C. insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway adjunct. 74. Page: 1168. D. activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness. How would you rate a patient who is breathing spontaneously, has a peripheral pulse, and is appropriately responsive to painful stimuli? A. 52. D. an unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury, C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver, Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. B. ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. 19. C. an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations Answer: A Answer: B C. 25% due to compensatory vasoconstriction and constriction. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: B. When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. D. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%. An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. D. 18, 6, Answer: D Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: The vital signs of Patient X include a body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, heart rate of 80 bpm, a pulse of 80 bpm, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back. B. more vascular despite the fact that they are proportionately smaller. Page: 1174. C. delayed capillary refill. A. stridor. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. A. place padding under the child's head. A. [ 1] By definition,. A. C. a rapid heart rate. A. child is in severe decompensated shock. A. monitor the child's heart rate. Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should: An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. A. observe the chest for rise and fall. B. awareness to place, pink and dry skin, and consistent eye contact. When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: C. slightly flex the neck to prevent tracheal kinking. C. have a parent restrain the child as you give oxygen. B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. A. D. a generalized rash with intense itching. C. deliver a series of five back blows and then reassess his condition. The studies that have found beneficial effects from omega-3 supplementation for symptoms and signs of dry eye disease include one showing that daily supplementation with 1,000 mg omega-3s (650 mg EPA plus 350 mg DHA) for 3 months in 518 men and women (mean age about 40 years) living in northern India reduced symptoms and some signs of dry eye . D. give detailed updates to the infant's parents. D. a generalized rash with intense itching. C. pad underneath the child's head. C. bulging fontanelles. B. asthma. D. use a nasal cannula instead of a nonrebreathing mask. Question Type: General Knowledge C. has a possible closed fracture of the radius. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C. 25 g C. 12, 4 C. may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. Page: 1162, 30. Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: their bones bend more easily than an adult's. You should: Critical burns in children include: Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a stiff or painful neck. 49. D. epiglottitis. C. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back You should: Which of the following is the MOST appropriate dose of activated charcoal for a 20kg child? A. perform abdominal thrusts. B. ensure that his or her neck is hyperextended. Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. His pulse is slow and bounding. Page: 1187. Question Type: General Knowledge Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because: A. profound tachycardia. C. the sudden force against the ribs causes them to fracture. B. headache and fever. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. 80. Page: 1159. When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the C. administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother. B. low birth weight 28. C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. Question Type: General Knowledge B. child abuse. B. wheezing. Answer: C D. twisting injuries are more common in children. 2. Question Type: General Knowledge A. cyanosis. Question Type: General Knowledge Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children? He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. D. hypovolemic shock. D. 50 g. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: Page: 1184. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. Children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. Page: 1185. B. tightly secure the oxygen mask straps to the face. A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. Question Type: General Knowledge A. alcohol. B. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. The child is conscious and appears alert. C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. D. hypovolemic shock. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart recent ear infection. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child, appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. Page: 1176. Question Type: General Knowledge A child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. A. place bulky padding behind his or her occiput. C. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. D. depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. You should: attempt cooling measures, offer O2, transport. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge B. a weak cough. D. depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. There are no obvious signs of trauma to the child, and the car seat does not appear to be damaged. 12.5 g C. his or her vital signs are stable. B. push the tongue anteriorly. 56. A. Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: positioning, ice packs, and emotional support. 82. If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: B. moist oral mucosa. B. tightly secure the oxygen mask straps to the face. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: Answer: D (b) 25C,1atm25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, 1 \mathrm{~atm}25C,1atm Answer: A Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: partialt-hickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. A. D. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement Your assessment reveals that she bag-mask ventilations is to: What does respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause? C. a stiff or painful neck. D. heat compresses and lowering the injured extremity. A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. D. wheezing. C. insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway adjunct. D. twisting injuries are more common in children. Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: B. slowed level of activity. C. skin that is cool and dry. C. conclude that the child is stable. Referring to Figure 9.5, state what phase(s) is (are) present at C. face When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: 82 mm Hg Page: 1158. Question Type: General Knowledge B. visualize the child's airway. Research the incidence of skin cancer in different parts of the world. Question Type: General Knowledge C. femoral Question Type: General Knowledge Answer: B C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. This acute mediastinitis from esophageal rupture. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. You should: D. is most appropriate when your transport time is short. In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, a short/absent postictal phase. C. place the child in cold water to attempt to reduce her fever. B. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. C. belly breathing. Answer: C A. irritability of the left ventricle. You should: encourage him to cough, give O2 as tolerated, and transport. Compression of the cord results in vasoconstriction and resultant fetal hypoxia, which can lead to fetal death or disability if not rapidly diagnosed and managed. B. 6 years. D. an altered mental status. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. partial paralysis. B. A. C. your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen. You should: attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. inhalation by: A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. You should: Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is B. The suture of the anterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age, and the suture of the posterior fontanelle is typically closed by _____ months of age. C. a rapid heart rate. C. perform a blind finger sweep. Page: 1193. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A. warm, dry skin. Answer: A C. They are usually not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. A common cause of shock in an infant is: history from an adolescent patient? B. Use the following terms to create a concept map: atoms, average atomic mass, molecules, mole, percentage composition, and molar masses. You should suspect: After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal D. assess his or her respiratory effort. Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must: ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? Question Type: General Knowledge She is conscious but clearly restless. B) Children are belly breathers because they rely heavily on their diaphragms. D. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. B. monitor her airway and give oxygen. Kho St Cng Trnh Ngm kent, wa police news today. they are rarely used in infants younger than 1 y.a. B. cause the child to vomit. C. a cough that resembles the bark of a seal. correct? 43. C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver 40 After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing A. any superficial or partial-thickness burn that involves the legs or arms. Answer: D The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? D. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. 2, 4 B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. C. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? rate is 120 beats/min. B. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. Question Type: Critical Thinking D. child's core body temperature is elevated. B. weak distal pulses. Page: 1162. D. nausea and vomiting. C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. D. an unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury, Answer: C A. Answer: D Accessory muscle use. 58. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. D. mild respiratory distress. Infants produce heat by non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and should exhibit peripheral vasoconstriction when cold, but little empirical evidence confirms that ELBW infants are capable of peripheral vasoconstriction. 4 years. You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. A. spinal cord injury Page: 1186. C. hyperpnea. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport. D. 70, Answer: A 12.5 g dropshipping shipping policy template aliexpress. A. tenting. A. bleeding in the brain. Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: intercostal muscles are not well developed, blood vessels near the skin are constricted. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: weak distal pulses Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? C. a law enforcement officer must be present. C. exposure to caustic chemicals. B. past medical history The components of the PAT are: A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: talk to the child, not just the caregiver. B. a weak cough. A. the growth plate is commonly injured. D. buttocks. D. a headache. During the attempted resuscitation of an infant with suspected SIDS: A. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. C. result in airway swelling. Question Type: General Knowledge D. buttocks, Answer: A A. child abuse. 46. is decreased. As a 1-month-old, babies start to know familiar sounds and may show it by turning the head. may indicate a serious underlying illness. Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? D. an altered mental status. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. What time did the ingestion occur? When you arrive at the scene, the child is A. newborns Page: 1192. B. EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. Stridor. C. a congenital cardiovascular defect. they are: D. bradycardia. B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. C. skin condition B. should be performed, regardless of the circumstances. Question Type: General Knowledge Where no specific pediatric dose is given, the implication is that this drug is not commonly used or indicated in that age group. 75. Page: 1180, 64. C. electrolyte imbalances. EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. A. heart rate A. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. C. skin condition, respiratory rate, and level of alertness. By 3 months old, your baby may respond to these sounds with excitement. All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Page: 1185. A 3-month-old infant can distinguish a parent from a stranger. Answer: A Question Type: General Knowledge Question Type: Critical Thinking Guiding principles for appropriate complementary feeding are: continue frequent, on-demand breastfeeding until 2 years of age or beyond; Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? B. a sudden ventricular arrhythmia. The narrowing (constriction) of blood arteries by tiny muscles in their walls is known as vasoconstriction. Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: C. palpate the abdomen for rise and fall. B. retractions. D. caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? 6 months and 6 years. 21. Page: 1169. Using the discussion earlier, answer the questions below: b. B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. D. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase. In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: severe hypoxia and bradycardia. Question Type: General Knowledge B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. D. give oxygen and transport at once. A. mother younger than 20 years 29. Correct D. start of infancy. A. evaluate the child's baseline vital signs. Correct D. altered mental status. Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. D. begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min. The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if: B. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and transport to the closest trauma center. Answer: C D. place him or her on a firm surface. D. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%. D. assess his or her respiratory effort. Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: D. abnormal airway noise. A. mother younger than 20 years C. are usually caused by viral meningitis. D. open his airway and look in his mouth. A. is a rapid head-to-toe exam to detect life threats. You should: encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after playing with a small toy. The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: Which of the following statements regarding a 3-month-old infant is correct? 41. When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should: B. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. B. a responsive 6-year-old male who responds appropriately Page: 1158. 48. A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. B. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant. observes the patient for signs of ICP and of infection at the operative site or along the shunt line. . D. accessory muscle use. C. excessive tachycardia. Answer: A B. oxygen content in the blood is decreased. D. is most appropriate when your transport time is short. When a child experiences a blunt injury to the abdomen: he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults, without signs of shock developing, partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the BSA. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. B. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. C. exposure to caustic chemicals. Identify similarities and differences in the types of skin cancer. If complementary foods are not introduced around the age of 6 months, or if they are given inappropriately, an infant's growth may falter. C. his or her vital signs are stable. B. positioning, ice packs, and emotional support. Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after D. stridorous breathing. D. mild respiratory distress. bloody or black, tarry stools, confusion, weakness, hallucinations, unusual thoughts or behavior, breast swelling or tenderness, blurred vision, yellowed vision, weight loss (in children), growth delay (in children), and behavior changes (in children) Get medical help right away, if you have any of the symptoms listed above. A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. A. alcohol. C. severe infection. B. slide the device under the child. D. entrapment in a structural fire. When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: D. hyperglycemia. Question Type: General Knowledge Peripheral vasoconstriction is an important autonomic response to cold exposure, which restricts heat transfer from the core to the environment through the skin. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. Question Type: General Knowledge D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma.