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[1][2] The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. per adult (price varies by group size) Private transportation to the Stutthof Concentration Camp 4 hour. Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. Stutthof. Others labored in local brickyards, in private industrial enterprises, in agriculture, or in the camp's own workshops. Harry S: 96-year-old accused of being Nazi concentration camp guard Former Nazi SS Camp Guard, 94, Goes on Trial in Germany [4], Stutthof was the first German concentration camp set up outside German borders in World WarII, in operation from 2 September 1939. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. Arrested with Josef Kramer - the Beast of Belsen - Grese was sentenced to death by the British Military Court and, in December 1945, she was hanged. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. Sadistic Koch - known as the Witch of Buchenwald - was just one of many women who murdered, maimed and tortured Jewish prisoners in the Holocaust. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. It was also surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fence and contained thirty new barracks, raising the total area to 1.2 square kilometres (0.46sqmi). Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Numbers []. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Kobyla kicked me, and I still bear the scars. Located 22 miles east of Danzig, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp in January 1942. Buffalo shooting - 'Gunman' Gregory Ulrich 'held grudge against docs for refusing him painkillers' before killing nurse. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). [2], In 1953 the court in Gdask tried SS-man Bielawa (SS Rottenfhrer Paul Bielawa, a prisoner guard from the 3rd company in Stutthof between 194145)[1] and sentenced him to twelve years. [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. Female Nazi guards tortured and killed thousands, beat naked women to Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. The fourth and final trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from 19 November to 29 November 1947. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. 99 - Usagineko5bai Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. Eventually, the Stutthof camp system became a network of forced-labor camps. The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on 4 July In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. The commandant of the Stutthof and Neuengamme concentration camps SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was sentenced to death in Germany at about the same time. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. The camp staff consisted of SS guards and, after 1943, Ukrainian auxiliaries. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Read more:Poland moves to make it illegal to say 'Polish death camps'. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW In July, Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at Stutthof was convicted of aiding in the murder of 5,230 people, most of them Jews. [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. Getting to Stutthof. The Stutthof concentration camp, like every Nazi concentration camp, was an institution for torturing, humiliating and murdering people, a death machine. Nazi concentration camp in present-day Sztutowo, Poland, "Stutthof" redirects here. Over 4,000 were sent by small boat to Germany, some to the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg, and some to camps along the Baltic coast. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. Ilse also had a deadly fascination for tattoos and, at a later trial for war crimes, witnesses said she selected men with the best body art for slaughter - turning their skin into lampshades and book covers. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. [7], In 1942 the first German female SS Aufseherinnen guards arrived at Stutthof along with female prisoners. A practice was established to tattoo the inmates with identification numbers. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. Former SS guard of Nazi camp, 92, to go on trial in Germany [14], Stutthof's registered inmates included citizens of 28 countries, and besides Jews and Poles Germans, Czechs, Dutch, Belgians, French, Norwegians, Finns, Danes, Lithuanians, Latvians, Belarusians, Russians, Croats and others. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. From Gdask bus station, board the number 870 bus marked either 'Sztutowo' or 'Krynica Morska' from Platform 2 (Note that the service varies on . In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Nazi secretary, 97, convicted for role in 10,000 murders at death camp Not to be confused with, Location of the former Stutthof concentration camp in Poland, The execution of the SS overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp: Becker, Klaff, Steinhoff, and Pauls on 4 July 1946, with priest, Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks, Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators, Resistance, victims, documentation and technical, M. Tomkiewicz, P. Semkw: Profesor Rudolf Maria Spanner naukowiec czy eksperymentator? [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. Koryski was taken from Lithuania to Stutthofin 1944, when he was 16 years old. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. In 2017, the prosecution of two former Stutthof camp guards from Borken and Wuppertal commenced. Erected in 1939, it saw two horrific epidemics of typhus kill thousands of its already dying population in 1942 and 1944. In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . About 24,600 were transferred from Stutthof to other locations. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. A 95-year-old woman who worked for the commandant of a Nazi concentration camp has been charged in north Germany with aiding . There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. It was claimed that she beat women inmates to death and whipped others to within an inch of their lives using a plaited cellophane whip, a belt and a walking stick. [10], Among the notable female guard personnel were: Elisabeth Becker, Erna Beilhardt, Ella Bergmann, Ella Blank, Gerda Bork, Herta Bothe, Erna Boettcher, Hermine Boettcher-Brueckner, Steffi Brillowski, Charlotte Graf, Charlotte Gregor, Charlotte Klein, Gerda Steinhoff, Ewa Paradies, and Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. You excuses for human beings are no better than you accuse the National Socialists of being. Selection of monographs in PDF, Memorial to the Victims of the Stutthof Concentration Camp, Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Zbrodnie hitlerowskie w obozie koncentracyjnym Stutthof: liczba ofiar w wietle rde i bada: prba bilansu, SS Main Economic and Administrative Office, International Youth Meeting Center in Owicim/Auschwitz, Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_concentration_camp&oldid=1141333869, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles needing additional references from December 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Matzkau in Makowy (now within city limits of Gdask), This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 14:55. The prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Stutthof camp: Woman, 95, accused of aiding Nazi mass murder The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. She was 36. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. Luxury Car Tours. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask.