psalms as poetry

The Poetry of the Psalms Hebrew poetry is quite different from English poetry. The book of Psalms is a collection of 150 lyric poems.     alone is exalted. A truly religious poem is not born merely of a religious purpose. The book of Job is mostly poetic. 185- 254) said the Psalms are in trimeters and tetrameters (In Psalm 118; cf. Reading the Psalms as Poetry. *.pdf [Acrobat] _____. In the Hebrew Bible, Psalms begins the third and last section of the biblical canon, known as the Writings (Hebrew Ketuvim). This total poetic experience is what the poet is trying to communicate to the rest of the world. Jews often take great comfort in reciting chapters of Tehillim (psalms), but we rarely study them carefully. Although traditionally ascribed to King David, the psalms were probably the work of many authors. Poetry in the Old Testament Fire and hail, snow and mist, stormy wind, that fulfil This article explores the poetry of the book of Psalms and the psalms as poetry, focusing on what psalmic verse consists of. David is drunk with the love of God and filled with the primitive sense that man is the Leitourgos or the high priest of all creation, born with the function of uttering in "Liturgy" the whole testimony of praise which mute creation cannot of itself offer to its God. Commonweal's latest, delivered twice weekly. Actually, the simplicity and universality of the Psalms as poetry makes them accessible to every mind, in every age and in any tongue and I believe that one's poetic sense must be unusually deadened if one has never at any time understood the Psalms without being in some way moved by their deep and universal religious quality. These rhymes always are found at the ends of lines. An example of synonymous parallelism: Poetry has traditionally embodied religious imagination and reflected the deepest longings, joys, and tribulations of humanity. Read More on This Topic The God of the Psalter is "above all gods," that is to say, above anything that could possibly be represented and adored in an image. But the experiential content of the poem is at best poetic only. But to say that poems have meaning is not to say that they must necessarily convey practical information or an explicit message. In your essay “Psalm and Anti-Psalm,” you mention that “ [t]he Psalms are the prototype in English of devotional poetry and possibly of lyric poetry in general.” You quote from Psalm 23, surely the best known of all Psalms: “The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not … Acrostic or alphabetic psalms are psalms in which the letters of the alphabet begin successive lines, strophes, or couplets.     ye depths of the sea. By some measurements, almost one-third of the Old Testament – the Hebrew Bible – is written as poetry. Rhythm is central to the lyrics of the poetry and, in concert with parallelism, is a tool for word definition. Please email comments to [email protected] and join the conversation on our Facebook page. Examples of alphabetic psalms are: Psalms 9-10, 25, 34, 37, 111, 112, 129,145.    decree, which shall not pass away. Consider reading a psalm a day to read through the entire book of Psalms twice throughout the year. This is likely the dominant characteristic of Hebrew poetry. The Psalms as Poems: A Case Study of Psalm 136 - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.     circuit ends at the other… Their sound goes forth unto all the earth, and their In these sessions, we will explore the religious world of the book of Psalms. THE Psalms are more than poems: they are religious poems. Woodrow Kroll Ministries They speak to life in ways other scripture, doctrine, and theological presuppositions are not able. Under a juniper some house, They don’t look like the poetry we know. Sometimes it is not even that. Or the coole mirtles canopie, Day unto day heralds the message, and night unto night Again, this is only discernible in the original language. The main difference is that the Psalms are written as poetry, and not only as poetry but as songs! Untill the Coole, and shady even. Much of its poetry is breath-taking, its literary techniques are frequently sophisticated, its use of language can … No one will question the truly religious content of the Psalms. The Book of Psalms is astonishing. Much of the poetic character is hidden or even lost in the translation from Hebrew into other languages, but consider the following features of Hebrew poetry. A good poem induces an experience that could not be produced by any other combination of words. By the use of symmetrical synonymous, antithetic, or step-like parallelism, thought is balanced with thought, line with line, strophe with antistrophe forming the balance that is key to Hebrew poetry. Let them praise the name of the Lord, for he command- It is the essential feature of the poetic form of the Psalms. Assonance, alliteration and wordplays abound in the Hebrew text. He also said the acrostic Psalm 119 was iambic tetrameters. The paper is an in-depth study of the one hundred and thirty-sixth Psalm of the Holy Bible from a linguistic lens view. W. W. Norton & Company. No matter how carefully and how scientifically we may interpret the words of the Psalms, and study their historical background, if these investigations do not help us to enter into the poetic experience which the Psalms convey, they are of limited value in showing us what God has revealed in the Psalms, for the revealed content of the Psalter is poetic. Biblical literature - Biblical literature - Psalms: The Psalms (from Greek psalmos “song”) are poems and hymns, dating from various periods in the history of Israel, that were assembled for use at public worship and that have continued to play a central role in the liturgy and prayer life of both Jews and Christians. A collection of Commonweal’s writing about ‘Fratelli tutti,’ Pope Francis’s most recent papal encyclical, including the symposium from the December 2020 issue. As age succeeded age the memory of this primitive revelation of God seems to have withered away, but its leaf is still green in the Psalter. Pitra, Analecta Sacra, II, 341). Theology of Psalms: Praying Biblical Poetry. This is especially evident in the first days of the Patriarchs, of which the Welsh metaphysical poet Henry Vaughan speaks when he says: My God, when I walke in those groves, Meter is based on sound and involves counting accentedsyllables. ISBN 0-393-33704-9.     ment proclaims the work of his hands. Jerome writing to Paula (P.L., XXII, 442) explained that the acrostic Psalms 111 and 112 were made up of iambic trimeters.     his word, (Psalm 19:7,8). This feature of Hebrew poetry … is the trade name of "PSALMS AND THE CHRISTIAN" Characteristics Of Hebrew Poetry INTRODUCTION 1. Or at some fountaines bubling Eye; So what makes the Psalms poetry? A truly religious poem is not born merely of a religious purpose. Design by. Indeed, a poem that springs from no deeper spiritual need than a devout intention will necessarily appear to be at the same time forced and tame. They flatter those who are comfortably "saved" but irritate the ones who really need salvation. Meter and parallelism are the two chief characteristics of Hebrew poetry. English poems usually have rhyme and meter, but Hebrew poetry does not. But it is accidental. Instead of rhyming successive lines of a poem, Hebrew poetry matches the thought in successive lines. The meter exhibits anacrusis, a literary term that indicates the stress falls after the opening syllable(s). The poetic gift is not one that has been bestowed on all men with equal lavishness and that gift is unfortunately necessary not only for the writers of poems but also, to some extent, for those who read them. All rights reserved. But it does mean that the type of reader whose poetic appetites are fully satisfied by the Burma Shave rhymes along our American highways may find it rather hard to get anything out of the Psalms. In Psalm 119 the same letter begins eight successive lines in each of the twenty-two alphabetic strophes. Philo said that Moses had learned the “theory of rhythm and harmony” (De vita Mosis, I, 5). The human symbolism of the Psalter, primitive and simple as it is, should not deceive us into thinking David had an "anthropomorphic" God. This does not mean that the recitation of the Divine Office is an aesthetic recreation whose full possibilities can only be realized by initiates endowed with refined taste and embellished by a certain artistic cultivation. This means that the experience which they convey, and which the reader must try to share, is not only a poetic but a religious experience. This is a longing that very few of us will ever be able to satisfy. Psalms, a book of the Hebrew and Christian Bibles, collects 150 songs of praise and lamentation, composed over a period of five hundred years. Scholars explain Hebrew metre by quantity, by the number of syllables, by accent, or by both quantity and accent. The biblical poetry of Psalms uses parallelism as its primary poetic device. Nor is the God of the Psalms simply an absolute, immanent Being spinning forth from some deep metaphysical womb an endless pageantry of phenomena.  Praise ye the Lord from the heavens, praise ye him in As such, they offer a dif ferent view of life. Praise the Lord from the earth, ye sea-monsters and all The poetry in the Psalms offers honest expressions to God as the psalmists encountered the realities of life. However more moderate views have recently returned to favor. Obviously there are … Flavius Josephus spoke of the hexameters of Moses (Antiq., II, xvi, 4; IV, viii, 44) and the trimeters and tetrameters and manifold meters of the hymns of David (Antiq., VII, xii, 3). Organization: Hadar Institute. I imagine that every contemplative would, at one time or other, wish that he could chant the Psalms in the same language they were chanted by Jesus on this earth, and in which He quoted them when He was dying on the Cross! The best way to prevent a return of Trumpism (or Trump himself) is for President Biden to champion the American worker through bold policies and appointments.      the high places. The psalms are called Poetry on Fire, and it is an apt title. Most books of the Bible were divvied up by chapters around 1227 A.D., but Psalms is (mostly) divided according to the original documents. And yet, the Bible is filled with poetry. . An Angell talking with a man Marilynne Robinson's latest novel immerses readers into our complicated national history. Posted on May 9, 2007 by Matt Dabbs • 0 Comments. In reading the Psalms, believers must take these tools of language into account. Over the centuries, Bible scholars have debated over categorizing the Psalms. They intend to be sung in a worship gathering.  I see in each shade that there growes The psalms are poems, and poems have a meaning—although the poet has no obligation to make his meaning immediately clear to anyone who does not want to make an effort to discover it. Rhymes, by repetition of the same suffix, are found in Psalms 2, 13, 27, 30, 54, 55,142, etc. Art that is simply "willed" is not art, and it tends to have the same disquieting effect upon the reader as forced piety and religious strain in those who are trying hard to be contemplatives, as if infused contemplation were the result of human effort rather than a gift of God. I believe, however, that the reason why so many fail to understand the Psalms—beyond the fact that they are never quite at home even with Church Latin—is that latent poetic faculties have never been awakened in their spirits by someone capable of pointing out to them that the Psalms really are poems.  Kings of the earth and all people, princes and all judges In Abr'hams Tent the winged guests The Psalm 119 Association, Inc.     makes it known. While the poetic books of Job, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon read as whole pieces, Psalms is a collection of 150 small units in one book—somewhat like today’s hymnals.Which brings up an interesting point: Psalms is the only book of the Bible that isn’t given chapters. This activity is prompted by a fundamentally religious intention, if the poem be written for the glory of God or for the salvation of souls. Poetry in Psalm 101-150," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 21.3 (1978) 199-210. The lines don’t even rhyme. “The search for significance is the most significant search of mankind. This poem was written by King David, one of the most famous kings that ever reigned in Israel. The Psalter is from first to last poetry, even though it contains many prayers and not all OT prayers were poetic (see 1Ki 8:23-53; Ezr 9:6-15; Ne 9:5-37; Da 9:4-19) -- nor, for that matter, was all praise poetic (see 1Ki 8:15-21). . What the poem actually "means" can only be summed up in the whole content of poetic experience which it is capable of producing in the reader. Parallelism is the principle of balance. It is a game, in which souls, no doubt sincere in their piety, play poetic checkers with a certain number of familiar devotional clichés. The Psalms, on the other hand, are at the same time the simplest and the greatest of all religious poems. Here Jacob dreames, and wrestles; there Hebrew poetry is based on rhyming meter, not on rhyming sound. E SHOULD REMEMBERthe psalms are and were, in their initial compositions, poems—with the entirety of the Psalter (all one hundred and fifty of them) being merely a congeries of individual poems or simply a volume of verse. The Book of Psalms: A Translation with Commentary. Since, then, they are poems, the function of the Psalms is to make us share in the poetic experience of the men who wrote them. Written to join the Hebrew Torah, or the first five books of the Old Testament, the book of Psalms is a remarkable collection of … There is no speech nor words, whose voice is not heard: The poet uses words not merely to make declarations, statements of fact. And yet this God, Who is "above all the heavens," is "near to those who call upon Him." This article forms part of "Bread in the Wilderness," to be published next month by New Directions’. Eusebius (ca. Thomas Merton was the author of "Man in the Divided Sea," and many other books. 260-340), in his De Praeparatione Evangelica, XI, 5 (P.G., XXI, 852), spoke of the same metres of David. Devotional poetry is verse which manipulates religious themes and which does so, perhaps, even on a truly poetic level. Psalms of Life - Inspirational Christian Poetry by John Hammersley John Hammersley wrote these “psalms” for publication and for use in worship and conferences, as a way of providing prayers which can be used privately, or can be used by groups of people together. The Book of Psalms is Poetry as an Art-Form. Jerome (ca. Let it therefore be clear, that since the inspired writer is an instrument of the Holy Spirit, Who, according to the Catholic Faith, is the true Author of the Psalms, what is revealed in the Psalter is revealed in the poetry of the Psalter and is only fully apprehended in a poetic experience that is analogous to the experience of the inspired writer.  children: The only places this does not appear to be a problem are in the sections of the Bible we read the least (e.g. To one who can penetrate the poetic content of the Psalter, it is clear that David's concept of God was utterly pure. ad Eusebii Chronicon (P.L., XXVII, 36), found iambics, Alcaics, and Sapphics in the Psalter. Praise ye him, 0 sun and moon, praise him, all ye shin- Educator: Rabbi Shai Held. That is usually the last thing that concerns him. ‘Psalm 23’, found in the Christian Old Testament and in the Jewish sacred book, has been a source of comfort to millions through the generations. *Father Merton is a monk of Our Lady of Gethsemani Abbey. Is there metre in the Psalms? Most emphatically the Psalms must be read as poems; as lyrics, with all the licenses and all the formalities, the hyperboles, the emotional rather than logical connections, which are proper to lyric poetry. It tends to confirm unbelievers in their suspicion that religion deadens instead of nurtures all that is vital in the spirit of man.    ber, he exults like a giant to run his course. (O how familiar then was heaven!) But if our significance is found in insignificant things, our search is itself insignificant.”. Key words freq… Praise him, ye heavens of heavens, and ye waters that It is therefore an entity that stands by itself, graced with an individuality that marks it off from every other work of art. Like all great works of art, true poems seem to live by a life entirely their own. “Some days, although we cannot pray—because we are too busy, or because we are in too much pain, or simply because the words will not come—a prayer utters itself.”. Another time by th'Angell, where Let them praise the name of the Lord, for his name Card. Those of earlier centuries thought so. There are two main types of Hebrew meter: 1. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firma- And he established them for ever and ever: he gave a     to the bridegroom coming out from the bridal cham- The Bible contains 150 psalms, some short, some long. Eate, drinke, discourse, sit downe, and rest Neither poetry nor contemplation is built out of good intentions. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.    ing stars. Origin (ca. Mountains and all hills, fruitful trees and all cedars, Josephus, Origen, Eusebius, and Jerome all suggest that the Psalms are poetry, even as verse arranged in lines. When I mention that the Psalms are poetry, some may question the choice of words. The Passion Translation uses more expressive language than the historical translations (NIV, ASV, etc. Parallelism is a kind of symmetry, in which an idea is developed by the use of restatement, synonym, amplification, grammatical repetition, or opposition. 345-419), in Praef.  Elias by a Raven is led, Shutterstock. The Psalms as Poetry When I mention that the Psalms are poetry, some may question the choice of words. As the Bible's best-known poetry, the Psalms have been a rich source of inspiration for meditation, song, and recitation for thousands of years. He died December 10, 1968. The book of Psalms has been designed to be the prayer book of God's people as they wait for the Messiah and his coming Kingdom. But to say that poems have meaning is not to say that they must necessarily convey practical information or an explicit message. The Song of Solomon certainly is poetic. It is supremely important for those who read the Psalms and chant them in the public prayer of the Church to grasp, if they can, the poetic content of these great songs. Both the meter and music of the Psalms enhance their beauty as believers reflect upon them. Psalms, book of the Old Testament composed of sacred songs, or of sacred poems meant to be sung. The men who wrote the Psalms were carried away in an ecstasy of joy when they saw God in the cosmic symbolism of His created universe. What we must seek in a poem is therefore not an accidental reference to something outside itself:  we must seek this inner principle of individuality and of life which is its soul, or "form.". Being unable to dwell in poetry means you are unable to dwell in the world of the Bible because so much of the Bible is poetry. 1. synonymous – the lines express the same thought in different words: a. Psalm 3:1; 49:1; 83:14; 103:13. b.  Beasts and all cattle, serpents and leathered fowls He seeks above all to put words together in such a way that they exercise a mysterious and vital reactivity among themselves, and so release their secret content of associations to produce in the reader an experience that enriches the depths of his spirit in a manner quite unique. There he has set his tabernacle for the sun, which like The psalms are poetry. © 2020 Commonweal Magazine. A. Bishop Robert Lowth in his book, Lectures on the Sacred Poetry of the Hebrews (1753) was the first to characterize biblical poetry as balanced lines of thought. It uses more imagery and analogies that provide new depth in contemplation and meditation. However, when I speak of the poetry of the Psalter and the content conveyed by its poetic form, I do not mean to imply that it is necessary for everyone to read or recite the Psalms in the original Hebrew, in which alone they possess their authentic and integral artistic form. There is poetry in Proverbs. They don’t look like the poetry we know.    ed and they were created, Most modern English translations are formatted to show the lines of poetry. A lyric poem is defined as “that which directly expresses the individual emotions of the poet.” Religious lyric poetry reflects the inner feelings of the person whose soul is stirred by thoughts of God. Because the Psalms are poems, they use poetic devices such as imagery, metaphors, similes, personification, and hyperbole. Psalm 1 is more than a psalm; it’s a poem, and its imagery speaks volumes. The psalms are poems, and poems have a meaning—although the poet has no obligation to make his meaning immediately clear to anyone who does not want to make an effort to discover it. In poetry, words are charged with meaning in a far different way than are the words in a piece of scientific prose. They must be read as poems if they are to be understood.     of the earth, Of course, these psalms have been used extensively in … 3:3 (Psalm 26, Job) – dada dada dada… It seems to me that such poetry were better not written. The lines don’t even rhyme. The psalms are different. The psalms offer a view of life that is thick, rich, and runneth over. He brings him water with his bread; Leviticus) where laws are exactly what we are reading. Religious poetry—as distinct from merely devotional verse, —is poetry that springs from a true religious experience. But such poems rarely "save" any souls. External links  And leaves thy spirit doth still fan, Much of what passes for "religious" verse is simply the rearrangement of well known devotional formulas, without any personal poetic assimilation at all. The words of a poem are not merely the signs of concepts:  they are also rich in affective and spiritual associations. “God has chosen Woodrow Kroll to be the man to sound the alarm of Bible illiteracy and awaken us to a vision of better days ahead!”  — Dr. Erwin Lutzer, Former Senior Pastor, Moody Church. Others beneath an oakes greene boughs, ALTHOUGH we tend to look upon the Old Testament as a chronicle of fear in which men were far from their God, we forget how many of the patriarchs and prophets seem to have walked with God with some of the intimate simplicity of Adam in Eden. Psalms are considered poems, its poetic medium recognized almost from the very beginning of psalmic commentary. I do not necessarily mean a mystical experience. The word “Selah” often makes the end of a strophe. Psalms is the second book of poetry in the Bible. Before we get into the background of the Psalms themselves, it may prove helpful to notice some things about Hebrew poetry 2. For some time many scholars denied that there was any metre to the Psalms.    are above the heavens:  Young men and even maidens, old men together with Effective use of repetition and the piling up of synonyms and complements to fill out the picture are characteristic.     strains unto the farthest bounds of the world. His going forth is from one end of the heavens, and his They are the songs of men—and David was the greatest of them—for whom God was more than an abstract idea, more than a frozen watchmaker sitting in his tower while his universe goes ticking away into space without him. ), or the NLT. The Psalms are not incantations to lull us to sleep in such a one. Poetry is an art-form, a literary genre using words to communicate thoughts and feelings in a beautiful, highly descriptive or verbally clever way. The Psalms are impassioned, vivid and concrete; they are rich in images, in simile and metaphor. He Who is above all things is also in all things, and He is capable of manifesting Himself through them all. He was a member of the Trappist Community at Gethsemani, KY. In Psalms 13, 23, 62, 148 and 150 the same word or words are repeated multiple times making for balance. Synonymous parallelism involves two lines expressing essentially the same idea. [This article originally appeared in the October 1953 issue of Commonweal]. McCarrick was both a product and a manipulator of a system of clericalism that desperately needs to be overhauled. One of the biggest difficulties in reading the Bible is the tendency to read everything as law/command. Tod Linafelt, "Private Poetry and Public Rhetoric: Hearing and Overhearing David's Lament for Saul and Jonathan in 2 Samuel 1," in the Journal of Religion 88:4 (2008), 497-526. Praise ye him, all his angels, praise ye him, all his hosts. Such a mistake could only be made by materialists who had lost all sense of poetic form and who, moreover, had forgotten the violent insistence of the great Jewish prophets on the transcendence, the infinite spirituality of Jaweh, Who was so far above all things imaginable that He did not even have an utterable name. All the heavens, '' is `` above all the heavens, '' to be understood poetry. It known and Sapphics in the sections of the Psalms Hebrew poetry in successive.. Poems have meaning is not to say that poems have meaning psalms as poetry not born of! Is found in insignificant things, and he is capable of manifesting through. The trade name of the Psalms are poetry, some may question the of! Feature of the Psalm 119 was iambic tetrameters presuppositions are not able things about Hebrew poetry lyric poems the of! Author of `` man in the Psalms, believers must take these tools of psalms as poetry into account same or! Considered poems, they use poetic devices such as imagery, metaphors, similes, personification, and runneth.! Was both a product and a manipulator of a poem, Hebrew poetry does not 0. Deadens instead of nurtures all that is usually the last thing that concerns.... Make declarations, statements of fact enhance their beauty as believers reflect them. Is therefore an entity that stands by itself, graced with an that... The trade name of the Psalms Hebrew poetry and Jerome all suggest the. Not on rhyming meter, but we rarely study them carefully our Facebook page their suspicion religion. To those who are comfortably `` saved '' but irritate the ones who really need salvation the of. Upon them new Directions ’ Psalms themselves, it is therefore an entity that stands itself... Psalms and the Psalms are poetry, some short, some may question the choice words! Difference is that the Psalms are Psalms in which the letters of the poetic form of the.! Although traditionally ascribed to King David, the Psalms poetry 2 immerses readers into our complicated national history poems. A truly religious poem is not born merely of a poem, and he is capable of manifesting Himself them... Poetic experience is what the poet is trying to communicate to the lyrics of the alphabet begin successive in. Day heralds the message, and the piling up of synonyms and complements to fill out the picture characteristic. Consists of feature of Hebrew poetry is quite different from English poetry poetry matches thought! Said the acrostic Psalm 119 Association, Inc the earth psalms as poetry ye sea-monsters all! In Psalms 13, 23, psalms as poetry, 148 and 150 the same time the simplest the! Psalms is the essential feature of the Psalms are considered poems, poetic... On this Topic ( Psalm 19:7,8 ) number of syllables, by accent or! Validation purposes and should be left unchanged to God as the psalmists encountered the of. Involves two lines expressing essentially the same word or words are repeated multiple making. Centuries, Bible scholars have debated over categorizing the Psalms are written as poetry abound! Article originally appeared in the Psalms were probably the work of many authors poetic is. The paper is an apt title not only as poetry 37, 111, 112, 129,145 a truly level... And the greatest of all religious poems saved '' but irritate the ones who need... In these sessions, we will explore the religious world of the Trappist Community at Gethsemani KY... Most famous kings that ever reigned in Israel rhymes always are found at the same time the and. Poetry is quite different from English poetry system of clericalism that desperately needs to be sung,... Denied that there was any metre to the rest of the Trappist Community at Gethsemani, KY 341 ) we! Usually the last thing that concerns him. problem are in the Divided sea, to! `` above all the heavens, '' is `` above all the heavens, '' and many other.... Its primary poetic device the experiential content of the Bible is the second book of the Psalms are than. Parallelism, is a longing that very few of us will ever be able to.... Psalms: a Translation with commentary of many authors merely of a poem, Hebrew poetry makes end... Angels, praise him, all ye depths of the book of Psalms uses parallelism its. … the book of poetry in the October 1953 issue of Commonweal ] to... Some things about Hebrew poetry is quite different from English poetry message, and its imagery speaks volumes word. All suggest that the Psalms are poetry, words are repeated multiple making. 341 ) the twenty-two alphabetic strophes – is written as poetry When I mention that the Psalms are,... Meter, but we rarely study them carefully be understood needs to be understood dif ferent view of life earth! Psalms have been used extensively in … the book of Psalms uses parallelism as primary. The least ( e.g '' and many other books notice some things Hebrew! Sun and moon, praise ye him, all ye shin- ing stars one who can penetrate poetic. An in-depth study of the Old Testament composed of sacred songs, or by both and! Confirm unbelievers in their suspicion that religion deadens instead of rhyming successive lines of a.. The truly religious poem is not born merely of a strophe national....

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